Dutch gla34 greenhouse vegetable cultivation

Dutch glasshouse vegetable cultivation has been a hundred years of history, in which over a hundred years, the glass greenhouse vegetable cultivation are operated by a family farm, face strong competitors such as Lin competition, growers in the production of the best propagation material, efficient management and quality control, trade with the fast growing and distribution systems, which greatly promoted the development of infrastructure, so that the Dutch glasshouse vegetable cultivation technology to constantly improve, and now, within the Dutch glasshouse grown vegetables in the output value reached 1.4 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 7.5% of total agricultural output, three quarters of which products are exported to all over the world. Regional characteristics of strong early in the 19th century, the Dutch began in the glass, greenhouse vegetables. Initially, glasshouse horticulture concentrated in the western Netherlands, Rotterdam and The Hague between the region and later extended to the area south of Amsterdam Esimeier, because the densely populated western region limited land area, so that the southern and northern glasshouse horticulture Industry focus to develop. Formation of this glasshouse horticulture concentrated in a few regions only phenomenon was due mainly to local good foundation, where there are supply companies, have qualified personnel, with good weather conditions, there is a vast market, with well-developed transportation and communication facilities . In terms of climate, gardening glasshouse growing areas depends largely on the effectiveness of weather conditions, temperature, humidity and sunshine is the yield per square meter glasshouse determinants, the vast majority of greenhouse concentrated in coastal areas, is no coincidence. Because coastal cool sunshine, have engaged in glasshouse horticulture optimum conditions, therefore, in the Netherlands, along the west coast of the large area of ​​greenhouse vegetables, regional strong in each of the 170,000 labor force engaged in glasshouse vegetables planting. High degree of specialization of the total area of ​​the Dutch glasshouse over one million square meters, of which the area used for the cultivation of vegetables is 42 square meters, from 4,400 farm operators, each farm has an average of 9,600 square meters of glass conservatory. Glasshouse vegetable variety, generally based on the needs of the consumer market planted tomatoes which 110,000 square meters, 100,000 square meters of sweet pepper, cucumber and 80,000 square meters, in addition to strawberries, eggplant, lettuce, endive, zucchini, sweet peas. In the Netherlands glasshouse vegetables are cultivated by a specialized farm, usually a farm just kind of a vegetable, this choice loyal breed approach allows growers to focus on specializing in one, excellence in technical knowledge both contribute increase production can be grown to ensure a high quality of vegetables. Automated performance glass greenhouse vegetable industry in the Netherlands is another good reason is that the greenhouse automation performance. Growers benefited from suppliers in the construction of the glass greenhouse computer control system, water and fertilizer supply, substrate, climate, light, plant breeding, seed production, crop protection, mechanical operations, internal and external transportation, and grading and packaging, etc., are to take appropriate automation and control systems. Computer glasshouse vegetables in the Netherlands has played a significant role. Computer can not only control water, fertilizer, climate, temperature, humidity, ventilation, carbon dioxide content in the air, but also to control greenhouse insolation. The sun is too strong, the sunshade will automatically put down; automatically when the humidity is not enough spray; grading and packaging systems in the optical sensing device replaces the human eye. Environmental development in improving the plant to a considerable level, the original soil type is irrelevant, replaced by a substrate cultivation, vegetable greenhouse glass in the Netherlands, all of the fruits and vegetables are grown on a substrate, which not only helps plants root development, and can better provide nutrition according to the needs of plants, effectively preventing some of the soil-borne diseases. Currently the Dutch glasshouse Intelligent Automation sales have accounted for 80% of the world market share. Dutch strict ecological requirements of demanding consumers, they asked glasshouse vegetables are pollution-free environment as much as possible out of cultivation, and the Dutch government has also introduced a series of policies to reduce damage to the environment. In the Netherlands, glass, greenhouse production of vegetables in the government environmental awareness cultivation method (MBT) under the guidance of planting crops in order to protect the biological basis only allowed to use non-toxic chemical pesticides, MBT growers who participated in the planting process should recorded for fertilizers, crop protection products as well as water and energy usage, consciously use of plant protection chemicals reduction in greenhouse grown using hydroponics soil is generally used for soil fumigation steam to remove harmful organisms. According to the Dutch Act, irrigation water is not absorbed by the plants may not be discharged to surface water, they took a closed system that collects wastewater recycling irrigation. In accordance with the Dutch government decree, glass greenhouse vegetable growers must waste classification matrix re-use, energy, fertilizer and plant protection product use have reached a certain standard before they can apply for the green marker, in the case of protecting the environment products qualify for ecological (ECO) mark to market. Integrated services Jia Dutch glasshouse vegetable growers and crop breeding, traders and extension services, research units together to implement integrated production chain, integrated control, in order to improve the product from producer to consumer distribution channels, they reach For production methods, transportation, inspection and segregation of duties and other aspects of the agreement. The Netherlands currently has 11 vegetable auction market, with more than 12,000 members, including vegetable growers, this 11 vegetable auction market sales accounted for 68% of total greenhouse glass. Currently Dutch vegetable sales have been using electronic bidding system via a dedicated long-term or short-term co-operation to carry out, the purchaser can be thousands of miles away from the lower to the higher purchase price of vegetables. Dutch research, extension services and close cooperation between education is its glass greenhouse vegetable production is a major feature, from secondary school to university, in agricultural education at different levels, as long as it comes to glass greenhouse vegetable cultivation, will Set numerous cultivation and trade of professional courses for learners to choose from. The glass greenhouse vegetable growers are also attaches great importance to publicity work, since constantly optimize the production process means increasing sales results in the grower's efforts, in the past by the government-controlled information service stations has now become an independent institution, Through collaboration with horticultural organizations to promote and improve the professional quality of services. Growers have also actively participated in study groups, the agricultural extension under the guidance of experts to learn new cultivation methods and the exchange of experiences, study groups in Dutch horticulture study group Alliance (NTS) carry out activities under the organization, has played a catalytic entire vegetable industry role.