Facilities for agricultural development in the world situati

Since agricultural facilities from the traditional agricultural production under natural climatic conditions, seasonal constraints, not only individuals per unit area yield and livestock production sharply, but also to ensure animal products, especially vegetables, fruits and meat, eggs , a balanced supply of milk throughout the year. Crop facilities (protected) cultivation techniques (1) mulchingMost countries in the world plastic film used in Daejeon generally 0.2 to 0.3 mm thick polyethylene transparent film (with only a quarter). Farmland with mulching can increase temperature, soil moisture, and promote the decomposition of organic matter, improve crop yields. Application mulching allows thermophilic crops northward latitude 2 to 4, that extended frost-free period of 10 to 15 days, to improve water use efficiency of dryland 30% to 50% in medium and light saline land, with nutritional bowl seedling transplanting, of cotton, corn seedling rate of 80% ~ 90%. Has now developed absorption, inhibit weed infestation plastic film, while biotechnology is being developed using biodegradable, pollution-free bio-film. In addition, with the laying of plastic mulching film developed various models covering equipment. (2) greenhouse horticultural cropsModern horticultural crops including greenhouse plastic greenhouses greenhouses and modern glass greenhouse categories. Currently the world's largest greenhouses countries are China, Italy, Spain, France, Japan and other countries. Modern glasshouse mainly the Netherlands, Japan, Britain, France, Germany and other countries the most. Because a greenhouse can automatically control the indoor temperature, humidity, irrigation, ventilation, carbon dioxide concentration and light, can be produced per square meter greenhouse year, 30 to 50 kg of tomato, cucumber, 40 kg, or products rose 180, exposed to the equivalent Its yield more than 10 times. Currently, the development of modern greenhouse main problem is energy consumption, high cost, so some developed countries in recent years vigorously research energy saving measures. Such as indoor use insulation curtain, double glazing, multi-layer coverage and use of solar energy and other technical measures, energy saving about 50%. In addition, some countries, such as USA, Japan, Italy and other countries began to build greenhouses for thermophilic crops grown in warm regions, but also reduce energy consumption. (3) Greenhouse soilless cultivation techniques of greenhouse soilless cultivation techniques, with the development of production and study of one of the latest cultivation methods. Because it uses nutrient solution or matrix-matrix nutrient solution complete with, even more than the supply of soil nutrients, thus more conducive to the growth of various crops. Currently, there are more than 100 countries will soilless cultivation techniques for greenhouse production. (4) Plant Factory nbsp; greenhouse plant factory is the second after the development of a highly professional, modern agricultural facilities. It differs in that greenhouse production, field production conditions completely get rid of the natural conditions and climatic constraints, the application of modern advanced equipment, manually controlled entirely by the environmental conditions, the annual balanced supply of agricultural products. Currently, high-efficiency plant factory has developed rapidly in some countries, the initial realization of factory production of vegetables, edible fungi and other rare flowers. United States is studying the use of "plant factory" grow wheat, rice as well as plant tissue culture and rapid propagation of virus-free. Because of this crop plant factory production environment free from outside influence climate and other conditions, vegetables such as lettuce seedling transplanting two weeks, you can harvest, the annual crop harvest more than 20 products, vegetables and open field cultivation of annual output is the number of times , is 10 times more greenhouse cultivation. In addition, plant factory can achieve soilless cultivation, no pesticides, can produce pollution-free vegetables. Currently, only 28 plant factory, due to equipment investment, consumption and more (accounting for more than half the cost of production), thus reducing the cost of future major research topic.