France, Italy, water-saving irrigation techniques

Water-saving irrigation techniques for the study of foreign developments, learn foreign advanced experience, the introduction of technology and equipment, and promote the development of China's agricultural water-saving irrigation technology, October 3, 1997 to 17, the Ministry of Water Resources tours to France, Italy, the two countries water-saving irrigation equipment production and promote the application of a field trip. A, France, Italy, the production and development of water-saving irrigation equipment overview France, Italy, in the early seventies, at the conclusion row rack sprinkler mechanical and micro-irrigation technology, based on the above techniques to overcome the weaknesses as well as to adapt to large-scale irrigation needs and solve field crops (wheat, corn, soybeans and other) problems of water-saving irrigation, development, successfully developed a volume irrigation machine. After several years of testing, demonstration, began mass production in 1978. After several years of production and application process, and constantly improve the process, so that the volume irrigation machine adaptability, flexibility, stronger, but cost is also reduced. Reel irrigation machine is becoming more popular in today's Europe, water-saving irrigation machinery. The technology now has the basic shape. According to reports, French, Italian plains about 60 to 70 percent of farmland used for irrigation reel irrigation machine. Currently the world production volume irrigation machine manufacturers mainly French, Italian, Austrian companies, which the company has a large production capacity in France IRRIFRANCE, Italy IRRIMEC and IDROFOGLIA and Austrian company. The company production capacity ranging from about 1000 to 2000 per year) sets of 70 to 90 percent for export. The equipment in Europe and North America have a larger market, the main market in Europe, France, Austria, Germany, Spain, Americas United States, Brazil, Mexico and other countries. In addition, in recent years, the Middle East and Southeast Asia have begun to introduce the technology. From observing and understanding of the situation, the Italian production of equipment in addition to the technical performance to meet the requirements, and has good adaptability, the price is cheaper. Produced by equipment such as Italy, in some types of equipment has been installed to control the amount of water and irrigation time reel speed microcomputer. Its products are not only exported to developing countries, but also to developed countries such as USA, Germany, France and the Nordic countries such exports. Some companies still expanding production scale, such as IDROFOGLIA company will produce 1,000 sets of the scale for the expansion of annual production scale of 1600 sets. Second, the volume irrigation machine and the operating principle and characteristics of (a) the operating principle reel irrigation machine mainly consists of three parts: the reel drive systems, rack and reel hose, sprinkler trolley. Reel drive system which is the heart of the volume irrigation machine. Currently reel power systems are of two types, one is the use of water-driven mechanical pressure turbine, the other one is driven by the pressure of water capsules retractable reel machine powered mechanical turbine which has a large advantage. Reel irrigation machine at work, the pressure by the volume of water delivered to the sprinkler pipe dolly, atomized by the spray gun irrigation, and also by the reel drive systems driven by the momentum generated reel, reel driven rotary sprinkler pipes and drag car slowly recovered paper tube and trolley for moving irrigation. (Two) irrigation works: ① placed in the field of the host side, the traction field irrigation to the other side of the car, and pulled on the ground roll tube, the tube length 200 ~ 400m. ② the input pressure water machine gun sprinkler spray started working waterwheel, water pressure is 4 ~ 10Pa, the gun has a range of 25 ~ 50m, slewing angle 180 °. ③ Input water pressure machine rotary power drive mechanism driven reel reel rotation, Pipe son and traction trolley travel. During irrigation without human care, once closed tube for 10 hours or so. ④ car while walking side spray, hose reel to complete a full recovery irrigation belt. The use of Rotary, from time to move the machine and carry out two positions irrigation irrigation. (Three) reel irrigation machine main features: reel irrigation machine is a kind of water-saving, energy-saving irrigation equipment, this machine can be moved a large area of ​​farmland irrigated, rainfed area is very suitable for irrigated plains. The device operation is relatively simple, flexible, when used with a tractor pulled the device field placement is good, you can work automatically, and can be self-closing pipes, moving sprinkler. While according to the irrigation water requirement of the crop, adjust the size of irrigation to meet crop irrigation for different users different requirements. Its main features are: ① Applicability: This device can be applied to irrigated wheat, corn, soybeans, vegetables and other field crops. The device can use a variety of sources, including references reservoirs and ponds, canals lead surface water and groundwater pumping. Equipment for water quality requirements are not too high, the water and sewage environment can work, and some models also use livestock waste water for irrigation or the use of a special device organic fertilizer. According to the actual situation of irrigated crops, you can use a variety of adjustment switch to obtain the desired irrigation rate, get a good irrigation. Regardless of the working conditions, such as the water flow is small and the case of low pressure, as long as the pressure of the gun, you can get a good degree of atomization and maximum irrigation sprinkler range. Furthermore irreversible mechanical control mechanism to ensure the end of polyethylene tubing wound automatically stop working. ② reliable: This equipment has been 20 years of production use, technology is relatively mature, the quality of performance reliability has been fully validated. Device structure is simple, solid and durable service life of more than 20 years. Affect the mechanical life of the main volume of polyethylene pipe, the current use of foreign products is 15 years or so. Various types of machines all use common standard parts, easy to repair and maintenance, easy to use. ③ water and energy conservation obvious: the high water use efficiency of the device, without loss along the way. Just once irrigation water 450m3/ha, in Europe generally wheat, corn and other crops irrigation season five times, annual water consumption 2250 ~ 3000m3/ha, be saving more than 50%. Further equipment required by the pump power is not very high, about 10% energy saving. ④ province, effort: The device on the terrain adaptability, plains, gentle slope can be used. Just in the course of solving water, without the need for field engineering support agricultural drainage bucket, reducing the channel area, land utilization, easy to mechanized farming. Meanwhile, after the formation of the land is suitable, better drainage, drainage ditch arrangement may be appropriate amplification, as both aqueducts, irrigation and drainage unity use. The device is adjustable, easy to operate, a user with appropriate training to skilled operators. After placement of the device in the field, without human care, 10 hours later swapped positions, thus saving labor. ⑤ yield big benefits: According to engineers, technicians and farmers introduced crops using the device, and its production rate were more than double the yield of wheat and other crops up: Wheat 7t/ha, corn 17t/ha, soybean 4t/ha. ⑥ affordable: At present, the volume irrigation machine models have large, medium, small and micro four kinds, large equipment price around $ 15,000 each for the medium-sized to 1.0 million dollars, each micro-devices from 1000 to 1400 dollars. According to its irrigation efficiency analysis, control irrigation area of ​​large equipment 5000ha / units, the purchase of equipment investment of 2,700 yuan allocated units / ha, according to engineering and technical personnel, the volume irrigation machine and the cost of the line rack sprinkler contrast, there obvious advantages, including purchase of equipment, maintenance, running costs three former than the latter were at least 15 to 20%, 20% and 10 to 12%. Therefore, the volume irrigation machine to get to Europe, America and other developed countries farmers users widely welcomed. Third, the application volume in China to promote water-saving irrigation techniques irrigation machine Suggestions By observing and understanding French, Italian water-saving irrigation techniques, combined with the reality of our country, we believe that the volume irrigation machine in northern China has a huge development potential, can be used as the primary technology for irrigation development to promote the use, the prospects are very broad. At the same time, promote the use of such equipment for agriculture intensification of production and social services provided the material conditions that will speed up the traditional agriculture to modern process forward. (A) To raise awareness of water-saving irrigation technology popularization and application of the importance and urgency of understanding: Ours is a little land, water resources are relatively scarce country, with the social and economic development, urban industrial and domestic consumption increasing , agriculture gradually reduced water availability. Agriculture is the foundation of national economy, solve the problem of feeding 1.2 billion people is always our top priority, and the development of irrigation is to ensure sustained and stable growth of grain production an important means. To ensure that China's agricultural yield, high yield, ease the water supply and demand, vigorously develop water-saving irrigation is imperative. Experience from abroad, winding irrigation machine has strong adaptability, easy to operate, reliable quality, provincial effort, saving water and energy, increase production, affordable, etc., so that the technology is more scarce water resources, agriculture yield potential of the larger North, Northeast, Northwest Plains application, can be used as the main cause of the future development of irrigation technical way to catch. Therefore, it is recommended in the state for irrigation focus counties, Agricultural Comprehensive Development Zone, the first World Bank loan project area to promote the technology. (Two) formulate preferential policies to promote winding irrigation equipment and technology introduction: According to the characteristics of China's rural economic system and the existing contract responsibility system in agriculture, the farmers have cultivated small. How to promote the use of volume irrigation machine this advanced technology and equipment, you need to be at the policy and institutional research, formulate favorable policies and measures to promote the smooth development of this work. According to the successful experience of foreign countries and China's actual situation, we recommend that: ① levels of government support, the existing irrigation channels on the basis of funds, and actively expand financing channels, study, IFAD, foreign government loans to promote reels sprinkler possibilities. Current national agricultural development funds for investment in the water sector is a large part of the project for supporting the construction field, based on the volume irrigation machine features, we believe that the use of reel irrigation machine instead of the contents of the above construction is entirely feasible and is economically justified. Suggested that I and the State Agricultural Development Office to study this possibility and select some alternative pilot areas with better conditions, the initial size of the optional 03,300 ha around to explore the experience. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Technology Development Company I have been successively by the French, Austrian government loan volume irrigation machine introduced in the inspection process, the manufacturer of the opening attaches great importance to the Chinese market, and expressed willingness to work together to take advantage of my own government loans to export equipment and technology. Units of the Ministry advised me to roll irrigation machine scale use of foreign government loans and the way to conduct special studies, but please irrigation technology development company once again consider whether the use of foreign government loans (such as Italy) to introduce third reel irrigation machine ; ② has organized or to be organized in teams drought areas, to take loans to support the purchase or lease of a unified way to batch-reel irrigation machine demonstration. Taking into account the drought Service's financial condition, combined with the current drought-relief funds, arrange small amount of money, the use of such equipment to support drought service organizations. ③ irrigation equipment to encourage foreign companies to take sole proprietorship, joint venture or co-production approach, factories in China producing such equipment. Through this study we consider the volume irrigation machine in our application subject to two limitations: First, the domestic technical performance of this equipment, etc. do not understand; two is the price of equipment imported from abroad high. We believe that the main measures to reduce the price of the device is the device on domestic production or domestic. From the point of view of technology and production processes, the volume irrigation machine production process and other requirements are not high, according to several manufacturers of the production process of investigation, we feel that in addition to reel machine to use polyethylene hose reel in anti-aging anti-wear aspects can not reach the level of foreign domestic products, the other components of the current domestic production of the enterprises to meet the average water level of production. During the inspection, we learned that France and Italy four companies have expressed their willingness to cooperate with the Chinese production of such equipment. French irrigation company is looking for joint venture partners in North China. Several companies in Italy are also willing to come to China for joint production. We believe that the current very favorable external conditions for us. I Department should take advantage of this opportunity to select several machinery factory production joint ventures with foreign production of such equipment in order to reduce equipment costs, expand domestic and foreign markets, and ultimately achieve the goal of equipment at home. The measures taken to foster the development ④ reel machine market demand for large-scale promotion of this new technology to create the conditions. Ministry departments and units and recommended irrigation technology development company training courses, presentations and on-site meetings in the form of publicity features and advantages of this technology, water conservancy departments at all levels and the user can quickly master and familiar with the technology, and expand market impact, and create conditions for large-scale promotion. (Three) departments work closely together to promote the development of water-saving irrigation: Although the volume irrigation machine has been applied abroad 20 years, has accumulated a wealth of experience to produce a very good benefits, but in our country is still just getting started. This technology is the traditional form of greatly improved irrigated agriculture, but also a challenge. Therefore, we need to recognize that there is a technical process, need to be recognized in practice, the formation of consensus. To make this technology in China play an important role in agricultural development requires close cooperation with the relevant departments to actively create conditions to accelerate the popularization and application. To this end, the proposed State Planning Commission, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Chemical Industry, the National Office for Agricultural Development, Agricultural Development Bank and other relevant departments, will vigorously promote water-saving irrigation reel irrigation machine technology into the important agenda, combined with the various departments business, multi-party efforts to support water sector at all levels to do this work for the sustainable and stable development of agriculture in China to make greater contributions. In France, Italy, water-saving irrigation technology mission.